Cotton Manufacturers Details
the invention of the cotton gin by the American Eli Whitney
in 1793. Before the development of cotton gins, the cotton fibers had
to be pulled from the seeds tediously by hand. By the late 1700s a
number of crude ginning machines had been developed, however, to produce
a bale of cotton required over 600 hours of human labor,making large scale production uneconomical in the United States, even
with the use of humans as slave labor. The gin that Whitney manufactured
(the Holmes design) reduced the hours down to just a dozen or so per
bale. Although Whitney patented his own design for a cotton gin, he
manufactured a prior design from Henry Odgen Holmes, for which Holmes
filed a patent in 1796.
Improving technology and increasing control of world markets allowed
British traders to develop a commercial chain in which raw cotton fibers
were (at first) purchased from colonial plantations, processed into
cotton cloth in the mills of Lancashire, and then exported on British ships to captive colonial markets in West Africa, India, and China (via Shanghai and Hong Kong).
By the 1840s, India was no longer capable of supplying the vast
quantities of cotton fibers needed by mechanized British factories,
while shipping bulky, low-price cotton from India to Britain was
time-consuming and expensive. This, coupled with the emergence of
American cotton as a superior type (due to the longer, stronger fibers
of the two domesticated native American species
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